北部灣生態(tài)通道模型的構(gòu)建

【Author】 CHEN Zuozhi 1,2,3 , QIU Yongsong2, JIA Xiaoping2 ( 1South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou 510030, China; 2Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources of Agriculture Ministry, Qingdao 266071, China; 3College of Marine Science and Technology, Shanghai Fisheries University, Shanghai 200090, China).

【機(jī)構(gòu)】 中國(guó)水產(chǎn)科學(xué)研究院南海水產(chǎn)研究所； 農(nóng)業(yè)部海洋漁業(yè)資源可持續(xù)利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 青島266071； 上海水產(chǎn)大學(xué)海洋學(xué)院； 上海200090； 農(nóng)業(yè)部海洋漁業(yè)資源可持續(xù)利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室； 廣州510300； 青島266071；

【摘要】 根據(jù)1997年~1999年在北部灣進(jìn)行的漁業(yè)資源和生態(tài)環(huán)境調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),利用EwE軟件構(gòu)建北部灣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)通道模型,模型由16個(gè)功能組構(gòu)成,包括了哺乳動(dòng)物和海鳥(niǎo),每一組都代表在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中具有相似地位的有機(jī)體,基本覆蓋了北部灣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能量流動(dòng)的主要過(guò)程.模型分析表明,北部灣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能量流動(dòng)主要以捕食食物鏈途徑為主,其中無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物在能量從低級(jí)向高層次轉(zhuǎn)換中起關(guān)鍵作用.各功能組的營(yíng)養(yǎng)級(jí)范圍為1.00~4.04,哺乳動(dòng)物占據(jù)了最高營(yíng)養(yǎng)層.生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析表明,系統(tǒng)的能量流動(dòng)主要有6級(jí),來(lái)自初級(jí)生產(chǎn)者的能流效率為12.2%,來(lái)自碎屑的轉(zhuǎn)換效率為12.3%,平均能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率為12.2%.模型估算的可利用的生物量密度為8.7t.km-2,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生物生產(chǎn)量只占系統(tǒng)凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力的1.81%.當(dāng)前北部灣海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)處于不穩(wěn)定狀態(tài).

【Abstract】 Based on the investigation of fishery resources and eco-environment in the Beibu Gulf of northern South China Sea from October 1997 to May 1999, and with EwE software, a mass-balance ecopath model of Beibu Gulf ecosystem was constructed, which consisted of 16 functional groups (boxes) including marine mammals and seabirds, each representing the organisms with similar roles in the food web, and covered the main trophic flow in Beibu Gulf ecosystem. The food web in Beibu Gulf ecosystem was dominated by detrital path, and benthic invertebrate played a significant role in transferring energy from detritus to higher trophic levels. Phytoplankton was the primary producer, and the fractional trophic levels ranged from 1.00 to 4.04, with marine mammals occupying the highest trophic level. By using network analysis, the system network was mapped into a linear food chain, and six discrete trophic levels were found, with a mean transfer efficiency of 12.3% from detritus, and 12.2% from primary producer within the ecosystem. The biomass density of commercially utilized species estimated by the model was 8.7 t·km -2 , and the bioproduction only accounted for 1.81% of the net primary production, which indicated that the system was still in developing status and instable.

【關(guān)鍵詞】 生態(tài)通道模型； 北部灣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)； 生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析； 系統(tǒng)成熟度；

【Key words】 Ecopath model； Beibu Gulf ecosystem； Eco-network analysis； System maturity.；

【基金】 國(guó)家海洋局國(guó)家專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)和大陸架勘測(cè)專項(xiàng)(HY126-02-02-03);廣東省重大科技興海專項(xiàng)(20050125);農(nóng)業(yè)部海洋漁業(yè)資源可持續(xù)利用重點(diǎn)開(kāi)放實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)放基金資助項(xiàng)目(2005實(shí)開(kāi)-04).